Parts of the vine that are not producing quality grapes and must be left for the poor.

The judges in בבלact as the שלוחיםof the judges in Eretz Yisroel, and can rule even though there's no סמיכהin בבל. This is only used in cases of ממון(financial loss).

שור ולא אדם,חמור ולא כלים

קנס

Grapes that fall and are left behind during the harvest. We must leave them for the poor.

פרט

A corner of the field which is designated for poor people to come and take.

If a person damages or does an עבירהwhen it was totally out of his control (אונס), he is פטור.

Compensation for financial loss.

A penalty that: a) has a set amount, b) is not meant to cover a financial loss. A קנסcannot be collected outside of Eretz Yisroel.

עבדינן שליחותייהו

The תורהteaches us: If someone digs a pit, ונפל שמה שור או חמור- and an ox or donkey fall there and die, he is חייבto pay for the damages. The חכמיםteach us that the word שורteaches us that he is only חייבto pay if an animal dies, but not if a person dies in the pit. And the word חמורteaches us that one is only חייבto pay if an animal dies, but not if a vessel is destroyed in the pit.

פאה

תם

This is the הלכה, but we don't publicize it. In certain situations, although the הלכהallows something, the Bais Din will advise not to do it, if asked.

הלכה ואין מורין כן

An animal that damages by an act that is considered unusual or abnormal for this animal is called a תם- simple. If a תםdamages, the owner pays חצי נזק.

עוללות

ממון

אונס רחמנא פטריה